Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections that destroy the structures around the teeth which include the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. If left untreated, periodontal disease leads to tooth loss. Gingivitis and periodontitis are the two major stages of gum disease.
Gingivitis
This early stage of periodontal disease is milder and reversible with the right treatment.
Signs
- The depth of the gum “pockets” surrounding teeth may increase due to swelling.
- The gums may bleed more easily when touched.
- The bone level does not change around the tooth.
Almost all advanced periodontal diseases start with gingivitis.
To understand gingivitis, it is important to have an idea of the anatomy of the tooth and its supporting structure.
When a tooth is clean, the gums around it are usually pink and healthy.
If the tooth is not properly cleaned, plaque forms and accumulates on its surface.
Plaque is a sticky layer of bacteria (very small germs) that grows on any tooth surface, even between the teeth.
Plaque causes irritation of the gums. The gums usually become red and slightly swollen.
This condition is called gingivitis.
Periodontitis
This advanced stage of periodontal disease is more severe than gingivitis and in some cases, gum surgery is required to reverse the damage.
Signs
- Increased depth of pockets due to swelling and bone loss.
- The gums may bleed more easily when touched.
- The supporting bone level is reduced around the tooth.
Uncontrolled periodontal disease is a common cause of tooth loss in the adult population.
To understand periodontitis, it is important to have an idea of the anatomy of the tooth and its supporting structure.
In almost all cases, periodontitis starts with gingivitis.
In susceptible patients, plaque and tartar will cause irritation of the gums and bone loss.
This condition is called periodontitis.
Bone loss means that the support of the tooth is reduced.
Uncontrolled continuation of bone loss leads to tooth loss.
